VISA
An endorsement
on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay
for a specified period of time in a country.
A visa generally gives non-citizens clearance to
enter a country and to remain there within specified constraints, such as a
time frame for entry, a limit on the time spent in the country, and a
prohibition against employment. Some countries do not require a visa in some
situations, such as a result of reciprocal treaty arrangements. The possession
of a visa is not in itself a guarantee of entry into the country that issued
it, and a visa can be revoked at any time.
A visa application in advance of arrival gives the
country a chance to consider the applicant's circumstance, such as financial
security, reason for applying, and details of previous visits to the country. A
visitor may also be required to undergo and pass security and/or health checks
upon arrival at the border.
PASSPORT
An official document issued by a government,
certifying the holder's identity and citizenship and entitling them to travel
under its protection to and from foreign countries.
A passport is a travel document, usually
issued by a country's government, that certifies the identity and nationality
of its holder for the purpose of international travel. Standard passports
contain the holder's name, place and date of birth, photograph, signature, and
other identifying information. Passports are moving towards including biometric
information in a microchip embedded in the document, making them machine-readable
and difficult to counterfeit.
A passport specifies nationality, but not
necessarily citizenship or the place of residence of the passport holder. A
passport holder is normally entitled to enter the country that issued the
passport, though some people entitled to a passport may not be full citizens
with right of abode. A passport is a document certifying identity and
nationality; having the document does not of itself grant any rights, such as protection
by the consulate of the issuing country, although it may indicate that the
holder has such rights. Some passports attest to status as a diplomat
or other official, entitled to rights and privileges such as immunity from
arrest or prosecution, arising from international treaties.
Many countries normally allow entry to holders of
passports of other countries, sometimes requiring a visa also to be held, but
this is not an automatic right. Many other additional conditions, such as not
being likely to become a public charge for financial or other reasons, and the
holder not having been convicted of a crime, may be applicable. Where a country
does not recognise another, or is in dispute with it, it may prohibit the use
of their passport for travel to that other country, or may prohibit entry to
holders of that other country's passports, and sometimes to others who have,
for example, visited the other country.
Some countries and international organisations
issue travel documents which are not standard passports, but enable the holder
to travel internationally to countries that recognise the documents. For
example, stateless persons are not normally issued a national passport, but may
be able to obtain a refugee travel document or the earlier "Nansen
passport" which enables them to travel to countries which recognise them,
and sometimes to return to the issuing country. A country may issue a passport
to any person, including non-nationals.
A passport is often accepted, in its country of
issue and elsewhere, as reliable proof of identity, unrelated to travel.
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